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James Burgess was an architectural historian. He was born on 14 August 1832 in Kirkmahoe, Dumfriesshire and subsequently educated at Dumfries, the University of Glasgow and the University of Edinburgh. He undertook educational work in Calcutta, 1856, and Bombay, 1861, and was Secretary of the Bombay Geographical Society 1868-73. He was Head of the Archaeological Survey, Western India, 1873, and of South India, 1881. From 1886-89 he was Director General, Archaeological Survey of India. In 1881 the University of Edinburgh awarded him an honorary Doctor of Letters (LLD). He died on 3 October 1916, in Edinburgh.