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Robinson was born in London, and attended Winchester College and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He joined the staff of the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1939 and was shortly afterwards transferred to the Department of Metalwork where, apart from war service in the East from 1939 to 1946, he spent the rest of his career. He served as Keeper of the Department of Metalwork from 1966 until his retirement in 1972. In 1967 he was elected honorary president of the To-ken Society of Great Britain and was president of the Royal Asiatic Society from 1970 to 1973. He was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and a Fellow of the British Academy.

His principal fields of scholarship were: Persian miniature paintings (he developed the standard classification and chronology), Japanese swords, and the artist Utagawa Kuniyoshi (he established the artist's place among the great masters of ukiyo-e).

He died in 2005. He had married twice: firstly Mary Stewart, who died in 1954, and secondly Oriel Steel, with whom he had a son and a daughter.

Reginald Campbell Thompson was an archaeologist, Assyriologist, cuneiformist and fiction writer, along with being a member of the Royal Asiatic Society.

He was educated at St. Paul’s School in 1894, before becoming a student of Caius College, Cambridge, 1895-1899. After graduating from the college he became an assistant in the Egyptian and Assyrian Department, British Museum, a position he held from 1899 to 1905, during which he published his first book, ‘The Reports of Magicians and Astrologers of Nineveh and Babylon’ (1900) and undertook several trips to Algeria (1901), Egypt (1902), Tripoli (1903) and Iraq (1904-1905). During his trip in Iraq he conducted an excavation at Nineveh and found the remains of the temple of Nabu.

After resigning from the British Museum in December 1905 Thompson entered the service of the Sudanese government, where he conducted a survey until summer 1906, after which he accepted the post of Assistant Professor of Semitic Language at the University of Chicago, which he held from 1907 to 1909. In the following years Thompson continued with his excavations in the Middle East, including in Carchemish (1911), at a Coptic site in Wadi Sargah (1913-1914) and – interrupted by his service for the Mesopotamian Campaign during WWI – in Abu Shahrain (1918). He returned to Nineveh for an excavation from 1927 to 1932.

Alongside his lifelong interest in archaeology and Assyrian studies, Thompson also had a passion for literature, which resulted in three fictional works, including ‘A Song of Araby’ (1921) and ‘A Mirage of Sheba’ (1923) – both published under the pseudonym of John Guisborough – and ‘A Digger’s Fancy: A Melodrama’ (1938).