Simon D. Messing was a medical anthropologist. He was born in Frankfurt-am-Main and studied at the Raphael Hirsch school of religious and liberal studies in that city, graduating in 1938, shortly before the Nazis closed the school. In 1939, he escaped Germany with a scholarship and a student visa to study in Liverpool, England. In 1940 he immigrated to the United States, and in 1942 he was drafted into the United States army as an “enemy alien,” admitted into the scholarly Army Specialized Training Program. Simon Messing started university studies in psychology and economics, but subsequently switched to anthropology.
Messing was in the cohort of the first American anthropologists to carry out research in Africa under the auspices of the Ford Foundation; beginning in 1953 he became a pioneering fieldworker in Ethiopia. He received his PhD in 1957 for his dissertation, The Highland Plateau Amhara of Ethiopia (HRAF 1985). He continued to work in Ethiopia, publishing books and articles, and undertook academic teaching.